Rapid determination of active components in Ginkgo biloba leaves by near infrared spectroscopy combined with genetic algorithm joint extreme learning machine / 中国中药杂志

Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) combined with band screening method and modeling algorithm can be used to achieve the rapid and non-destructive detection of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) production process. This paper focused on the ginkgo leaf macroporous resin purification process, which is the key technology of Yinshen Tongluo Capsules, in order to achieve the rapid determination of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in effluent. The abnormal spectrum was eliminated by Mahalanobis distance algorithm, and the data set was divided by the sample set partitioning method based on joint X-Y distances(SPXY). The key information bands were selected by synergy interval partial least squares(siPLS); based on that, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS), successive projections algorithm(SPA) and Monte Carlo uninformative variable(MC-UVE) were used to select wavelengths to obtain less but more critical variable data. With selected key variables as input, the quantitative analysis model was established by genetic algorithm joint extreme learning machine(GA-ELM) algorithm. The performance of the model was compared with that of partial least squares regression(PLSR). The results showed that the combination with siPLS-CARS-GA-ELM could achieve the optimal model performance with the minimum number of variables. The calibration set correlation coefficient R_c and the validation set correlation coefficient R_p of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were all above 0.98. The root mean square error of calibration(RMSEC), the root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP) and the relative standard errors of prediction(RSEP) were 0.030 0, 0.029 2 and 8.88%, 0.041 4, 0.034 8 and 8.46%, 0.029 3, 0.027 1 and 10.10%, respectively. Compared with the PLSR me-thod, the performance of the GA-ELM model was greatly improved, which proved that NIRS combined with GA-ELM method has a great potential for rapid determination of effective components of TCM.

Effects of vitamin D3 adjuvant therapy on pulmonary function and airway inflammation in children with bronchial asthma / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effects of vitamin D3 adjuvant therapy on pulmonary function and airway inflammation in children with bronchial asthma, providing evidence for clinical treatment of bronchial asthma.Methods:100 children with bronchial asthma who received treatment in Xin'an International Hospital from January 2018 to June 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive either conventional treatments (such as bronchodilator and glucocorticoid treatments)(control group, n = 50) or conventional treatment combined with vitamin D3 adjuvant treatment (observation group, n = 50) for 9 days. Clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Before and after treatment, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1), forced vital capacity (FVC), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and interleukin-5 (IL-5) levels were compared between the two groups. Results:Total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [94.00% (47/50) vs. 80.00% (40/50), χ2 = 4.332, P < 0.05]. After treatment, FEV 1 and FVC levels in each group were significantly increased compared with before treatment (both P < 0.05). After treatment, FEV 1 and FVC levels in the observation group were (1.47 ± 0.42) L and (2.09 ± 0.64) L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(1.21 ± 0.34) L, (1.85 ± 0.47) L, t = 2.137, 3.402, both P < 0.05]. After treatment, TNF-α and IL-5 levels in each group were significantly deceased (both P < 0.001), and IL-10 level was significantly increased ( P < 0.001), compared with before treatment in the same group. After treatment, TNF-α and IL-5 levels in the observation group were (0.58 ± 0.13) ng/L and (39.37 ± 3.54) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(0.92 ± 0.23) ng/L, (61.36 ± 5.72) ng/L], t = 9.099, 38.628, both P < 0.001]. After treatment, IL-10 level in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(215.62 ± 13.25) ng /L vs. (127.28 ± 9.27) ng/L, t = 23.115, P < 0.001]. Conclusion:Vitamin D3 adjuvant therapy for the treatment of bronchial asthma in children can help promote pulmonary function recovery and reduce airway inflammation, which is worthy of clinical application.

Simultaneous determination of five saponins in Yaobitong capsule by HPLC-CAD / 药学学报

A high performance liquid chromatography charged aerosol detector (HPLC-CAD) method was established for the simultaneous determination of five saponins (notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, Ginsenoside Rd) in Yaobitong capsule, providing a method for quality control. The sample was extracted with methanol and chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Xbridge Phenol column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) using acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 10 μL. The nebulizer temperature of CAD was 35 ℃ and the air pressure was 60.2 psi, the filtration was 3.6 s, and the collection frequency was 5 Hz. Notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rd showed a good linear relationship in the range of 16.96-203.5 μg·mL-1 (R2 = 0.999 3), 54.46-653.5 μg·mL-1 (R2 = 0.999 3), 10.96-131.5 μg·mL-1 (R2 = 0.999 6), 51.50-618.0 μg·mL-1 (R2 = 0.999 0), 15.94-191.3 μg·mL-1 (R2 = 0.999 4), respectively. The average recoveries were 98.96%, 100.8%, 94.76%, 100.1%, 103.1%, and RSDs were 0.87%, 1.46%, 1.85%, 2.06%, 0.96% (n = 6), respectively. The proposed method is accurate, simple and reliable, and can be used for the determination of five saponins in Yaobitong capsule.

Determination of 10 mycotoxin contaminants in Panax notoginseng by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 药学学报

To ensure the quality and safety of Panax notoginseng, a method for the simultaneous determination of 10 mycotoxins in Panax notoginseng was developed using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and purified by HLB multifunction cleanup column. The separation was performed on a Phenomenex Kinetex XB-C18 column by gradient elution using methanol and 5 mmol·L(-1) ammonium acetate as mobile phase. The targeted compounds were detected in MRM mode by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI) source operated in both positive and negative ionization modes. The linear relationships of the 10 mycotoxins were good in their respective linear ranges. The correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.9981 to 1.0000. The LOQs of the 10 mycotoxins were between 0.15 and 8.6 μg·kg(-1). The average recoveries ranged from 73.8% to 107.0% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.10%-10.9%. The results demonstrated that the proposed method was sensitive and accurate, and suitable for the mycotoxins quantification in Panax notoginseng.

Bottleneck and development trend of bone xenograft for the treatment of bone defect / 中国骨伤

Bone xenograft bone for the treatment of bone defect is one of the current research focus, which has advantages of extensive sources, low cost, simple preparation method. While the process of single bone xenograft bone in repairing bone defect is very long, and the clinical outcome is not satisfactory. The main problems focus on formation of bone and vascularization. Reconstituted bone xenograft combined with cells and xenogenic bone material could promote vascularization and bone fusion in vivo, thus achieve a clinical effect of autogenous bone in repairing bone defect.

Molecular characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with decreased susceptibilities to ceftriaxone in Shenzhen from 2009 to 2011 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genotype and characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N.gonorrhoeae) isolates with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone in Shenzhen from 2009 to 2011.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 296 N.gonorrhoeae isolates were collected in Shenzhen from 2009 to 2011.ceftriaxone strains (minimum inhibitory concentration between 0.06 and 0.50 µg/ml) were determined by agar dilution method.Logistic regression was used to analyze the associated factors of ceftriaxone N.gonorrhoeae infection.Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree analysis and N.gonorrhoeae multi antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) were performed on all ceftriaxone isolates and susceptible control isolates randomly selected in accordance with the principle of 1: 1 sampling.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No isolates displayed resistance to ceftriaxone, whereas 53(17.9%) showed reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone among 296 isolates.Only antibiotic use in recent two months was associated with ceftriaxone isolates infection (OR = 3.080, 95%CI: 1.376-6.894) . Among the ceftriaxone isolates, 48 different ST were identified including 5 STs (ST1768, ST3927, ST641, ST7076 and ST7078) containing 2 isolates and 43 single STs. There were 26 STs previously reported from HongKong in China.Low sensitive strains clustering was not observed by NJ phylogenetic tree.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The proportion of ceftriaxone strains among the 296 N.gonorrhoeae isolates collected from 2009 to 2011 in Shenzhen is high. The STs of ceftriaxone strains may have unique epidemic features in Shenzhen.</p>

Comprehensive quality control method for total flavonoid of Fructus Aurantii / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a comprehensive quality control method for total flavonoid of Fructus Aurantii.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>RP-HPLC and spectrophotometry were applied for the quantitative and fingerprint analysis of total flavonoid of Fructus Aurantii. The contents of naringin and neohesperidin were determined on an Agilent SB-C₁₈column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was composed of 0.02 % H₃PO₄ and CH₃CN (80:20). The flow rate was 1 ml/min with DAD detected at 280 nm. The column temperature was maintained at 35°C. The fingerprints were developed on an Agilent SB-C₁₈ column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was composed of 0.5 % HAc and CH₃OH with a linear gradient elution. The ratio of 0.5 % HAc and CH₃OH was: 0 min, 80:20; 10 min, 60:40; 35 min, 30:70; 50 min, 0:100. The flow rate was 1 ml/min with DAD detected at 320 nm. The column temperature was maintained at 30 degree. Meanwhile, the contents of total flavonoid were determined at 283 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents range of naringin, neohesperidin and total flavonoid were 38.3 %- 47.2%, 21.0 %- 28.5% and 79.9%-88.6 %, respectively. The fingerprints of the effective fractions showed 12 common peaks and the fingerprint similarity was all above 98.0 % compared with the standard chromatogram.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method reported in this paper can be used effectively for the quality control of total flavonoid of Fructus Aurantii.</p>

Determination of four effective components from total flavonoids of Scutellaria barbata by high performance liquid chromatography / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of 4 effective components from total flavonoids of Scutellaria barbata (FSB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The HPLC method was developed on an Agilent Zorbax C₁₈ column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was composed of 1% HAc and CH₃OH:CH₃CN (80:20) with a linear gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, and UV detection wave length was set at 280 nm. The column temperature was maintained at 30°C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The linear range of 4 effective components (scutellarin, isoscutellarein-8-O-glucuronide, isoscutellarein and luteolin) was 0.14-11.20 μg, 0.03-2.40 μg, 0.007-0.560 μg and 0.027-2.160 μg, respectively. The average recovery for 4 effective components was (101.9 ± 1.4)%, (103.5 ± 0.6)%, (98.1 ± 2.9)% and (100.5 ± 2.3)%, respectively. The contents of 4 flavonoids were determined, with scutellarin 7.3%-14.3%, isoscutellarein-8-O-glucuronide 2.4%-9.3%, isoscutellarein 0.3%-0.5%, and luteolin 0.2%-0.6%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method can be used effectively to evaluate the quality of FSB.</p>

Susceptibility of different species of animal hosts to Campyelobacter jejuni infection and its drug-resistance / 中国人兽共患病学报

From 2006 to 2008, the susceptibility of different species of animal hosts to Campyebacter jejubni infection was observed in various areas of Jiangsu province, in which the API Campy System was used to perform the biochemical identification and the multiple PCR assay was employed to analyse the C.jejuni isolates from 3010 specimens of fouls. Cattle, pigs and monkeys, and in addition, the susceptibility of isolates to various antibiotics was also determined. In these specimens investigated 402 samples were found to be positive in the detection of C.jejuni with a positive detection rate of 13.36%. The positive detection rates in chicken, water fouls, milk cows, pigs, monkey, red crowned crane and wapiti were 15.83% (258/1630), 10.4% (52/100), 8.24% (42/510), 15.63% (25/160), 15% (15/100), 12.5% (15/80) and 0% (0/30) respectively. Meanwhile, the antibiotics to which the isolates from different hosts showed high rate of sensitivity to 27 antibiotics of 10 varieties included: chloromycetin (100%), Almocylin (99.7%), amicarcin (92.59%), cefprozil (91.67%), alchimycin (90.74%); while the antibiotics to which these isolates showed high rate of resistance were compound neoromin (99.7%), cefoperazone (99.07%), trimethoprim (97.22%), cepronatin (91.67%), cepromondo (99,07%) respectively. It is evident that the susceptibility of different hosts to C.jejuni infection and the status of drug-resistance of the isolates appear to be quite different and more complicated in Jiangsu province.

Effect of griffithin on anticancer activity and apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro / 药学学报

To study the anticancer activity of griffithin from Streptocaulon griffithii Hook. f. and its effect on apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro, the inhibitory effect of griffithin on cell proliferation was studied by MTT assay, the cell apoptosis was observed by AO/EB double decoration assay and flow cytometry. Griffithin exhibited high anticancer activity on four human cancer cell lines, with IC50 ranged from 0.17 - 0.43 microg x mL(-1). Griffithin also induced apoptosis of PC-3 cells. Griffithin had anticancer activity and induced apoptosis of cancer cells.

Influence of H2O2 on degradation of residual pesticides and constituents in Radix Sophorae Flavescentis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristic and influential factors of the degradation of residual pesticides and alkaloids in Radix Sophorae Flavescentis by H2O2.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The spiked samples were treated in H2O2 in different reaction time, concentration and pH value. The pesticide residuals were determined by GC-MS, and the contents of alkaloids were determined by HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>H2O2 had highly activity in degrading organophosphorus and pyrethroid, but had less activity to organochlorines. The degradation processes of organophosphorus and pyrethroid followed first-order kinetics equations, and were influenced by the pH value, the concentration of H2O2 and reaction time. The contents of alkaloids in Radix Sophorae Flavescentis changed not obviously after treatment with 3 mL x L(-1) H2O2 less than 6 hours under neutral condition.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>H2O2 is a useful reagent for the degradation of organophosphorus and pyrethroid in crude drug.</p>

Quantitative analysis of the nucleosides in Cordyceps sinensis with capillary zone electrophoresis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a quantitative analysis method for analyzing the nucleosides in Cordyceps sinensis with capillary electrophoresis, and compare the difference between natural and the cultured C. mycelia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Capillary zone electrophoresis method was employed to quantitate the adenosine, uridine, guanosine and inosine in C. sinensis, with 0.25 mg x L(-1) boric acid-sodium hydroxide buffer, pH 9.5. The working voltage was 20 kV, the temperature was 25 degrees C, and the detection wavelength was 260 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>With the capillary zone electrophoresis method, the average recovery of the above 4 nucleosides was 98.9%, 95.1%, 97.8% and 98.8% respectively, with the RSD 0.4%, 1.7%, 1.3% and 5.0%. There was no adenosine in natural C. sinensis and no inosine in the cultured C. mycelia detected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method can be used to determine the adenosine, uridine, guanosine and inosine in C. sinensis. The nucleosides in C. sinensis produced from Qinghai province and cultured C. mycelia are obviously different.</p>

Study on quality control of effective fraction in qixue bingzhi decoction / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a method for quality control of effective fraction in Qi-Xue-Bing-Zhi decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>PF samples, effective fraction from Qi-Xue-Bing-Zhi decoction, were used as example, and a HPLC assay for chemical fingerprint and quantitative analysis was established.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents range of Paeoniflorin (PE), Naringin (NG) and Neohesperidin (NH) in effective fractions were changed from 12.5%-16.0%, 8.4%-12.4%, 12.8%-15.3%, and their average contents were (14.7 +/- 1.1)%, (10.6 +/- 1.2)%, (14.2 +/- 0.8)% (n = 10), respectively. The fingerprints of PF samples showed 25 common peaks, and the fingerprint similarity for PF samples were all above 99.00% by comparing with the standard chromatogram.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method reported could be used effectively for the quality control of effective fraction from TCM.</p>

Effects of microsome enzyme induced by phenobarbarbital on the stereoselectivity of recemic propranolol glucuronidation metabolism / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the stereoselectivity of R-(+) and S-(-)-propranolol glucuronidation and metabolic interaction between R(+)- and S-(-)-propranolol.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A RP-HPLC analytical method was developed for determination of R-(+)-and S-(-)-propranolol glucuronide (PG) incubated with rat hepatic microsome induced with phenobarbital (PB). The method was applied to investigate the stereoselectivity metabolism of racemic propranolol glucuronidation in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In control and PB group, the concentration of R-(+)-PG produced at different substrates was higher than that of S-(-)-PG. Compared with the control, the V(max) and Cl(int) for R(+)-and S-(-)-propranolol increased significantly the K(m) for R(+)-propranolol was elevated, while that for S-(-) propranolol was decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a stereoselectivity in glucuronidation of propranolol in rat hepatic microsome induced with PB and R-(+)-propranolol is preferred. Metabolic interaction between R-(+)-and S-(-)-propranolol exists with a concentration-dependent mode.</p>

Monitoring sub-nanogram amount of acetylspiramycin in human urine using flow injection analysis with chemiluminescence detection / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To establish a new and simple flow injection method for the rapid determination of acetylspiramycin (ASPM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ASPM was determined by chemiluminescence (CL) method combined with flow injection (FI) technology, which was based on the inhibitive effect of ASPM on the chemiluminescence reaction of the luminol-K3Fe (CN)6 system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The decrease of chemiluminescence intensity was proportional to the logarithm of ASPM concentration (0.1-100) microgram.L-1, the detection limit was 40 ng.L-1 (3 sigma). The whole process, including sampling and washing, could be completed in 0.5 min with a RSD less than 3.0% (n = 5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The FI-CL method is of both high sensitivity and good selectivity giving a throughput of 120 h-1. The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of ASPM in pharmaceutical preparations and human urine without any pre-treatment. It was found that the ASPM concentration reached its maximum after being orally administrated for two hours.</p>

The contents of paeoniflorin in different combination jingzhixuefuzhuyu / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the contents of paeoniflorin in different combination Jingzhixuefuzhuyu.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using RP-HPLC to determine the contents of paeoniflorin in different combination Jingzhixuefuzhuyu extracts, an ODS column was used with a mobile phase of MeOH-H2O-HAC(25:75:0.15) and DAD detector at the wavelength of 230 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>Different combinations of Jingzhixuefu zhuyu had great influence to the contents of paeoniflorin.</p>